《声无哀乐论》拼音版

声sheng无wu哀ai乐le论lun

<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>有you秦qin客ke问wen于yu东dong野ye主zhu人ren曰yue：「闻wen之zhi前qian论lun曰yue：『治zhi世shi之zhi音yin安an以yi乐le，亡wang国guo之zhi音yin哀ai以yi思si。』夫fu治zhi乱luan在zai政zheng，而er音yin声sheng应ying之zhi；故gu哀ai思si之zhi情qing，表biao于yu金jin石shi；安an乐le之zhi象xiang，形xing于yu管guan弦xian也ye。又you仲zhong尼ni闻wen韶shao，识shi虞yu舜shun之zhi德de；季ji札zha听ting弦xian，知zhi众zhong国guo之zhi风feng。斯si已yi然ran之zhi事shi，先xian贤xian所suo不bu疑yi也ye。今jin子zi独du以yi为wei声sheng无wu哀ai乐le，其qi理li何he居ju？若ruo有you嘉jia讯xun，今jin请qing闻wen其qi说shuo。」主zhu人ren应ying之zhi曰yue：「斯si义yi久jiu滞zhi，莫mo肯ken拯zheng救jiu，故gu令ling历li世shi滥lan于yu名ming实shi。今jin蒙meng启qi导dao，将jiang言yan其qi一yi隅yu焉yan。夫fu天tian地di合he德de，万wan物wu贵gui生sheng，寒han暑shu代dai往wang，五wu行xing以yi成cheng。故gu章zhang为wei五wu色se，发fa为wei五wu音yin；音yin声sheng之zhi作zuo，其qi犹you臭chou味wei在zai于yu天tian地di之zhi间jian。其qi善shan与yu不bu善shan，虽sui遭zao遇yu浊zhuo乱luan，其qi体ti自zi若ruo而er不bu变bian也ye。岂qi以yi爱ai憎zeng易yi操cao、哀ai乐le改gai度du哉zai？及ji宫gong商shang集ji比bi，声sheng音yin克ke谐xie，此ci人ren心xin至zhi愿yuan，情qing欲yu之zhi所suo锺zhong。故gu人ren知zhi情qing不bu可ke恣zi，欲yu不bu可ke极ji故gu，因yin其qi所suo用yong，每mei为wei之zhi节jie，使shi哀ai不bu至zhi伤shang，乐le不bu至zhi淫yin，斯si其qi大da较jiao也ye。然ran『乐le云yun乐le云yun，锺zhong鼓gu云yun乎hu哉zai？哀ai云yun哀ai云yun，哭ku泣qi云yun乎hu哉zai？因yin兹zi而er言yan，玉yu帛bo非fei礼li敬jing之zhi实shi，歌ge舞wu非fei悲bei哀ai之zhi主zhu也ye。何he以yi明ming之zhi？夫fu殊shu方fang异yi俗su，歌ge哭ku不bu同tong。使shi错cuo而er用yong之zhi，或huo闻wen哭ku而er欢huan，或huo听ting歌ge而er戚qi，然ran而er哀ai乐le之zhi情qing均jun也ye。今jin用yong均jun同tong之zhi情qing，案an，「戚qi」本ben作zuo「感gan」，又you脱tuo同tong字zi，依yi《世shi说shuo··文wen学xue篇pian》注zhu改gai补bu。）而er发fa万wan殊shu之zhi声sheng，斯si非fei音yin声sheng之zhi无wu常chang哉zai？然ran声sheng音yin和he比bi，感gan人ren之zhi最zui深shen者zhe也ye。劳lao者zhe歌ge其qi事shi，乐le者zhe舞wu其qi功gong。夫fu内nei有you悲bei痛tong之zhi心xin，则ze激ji切qie哀ai言yan。言yan比bi成cheng诗shi，声sheng比bi成cheng音yin。杂za而er咏yong之zhi，聚ju而er听ting之zhi，心xin动dong于yu和he声sheng，情qing感gan于yu苦ku言yan。嗟jie叹tan未wei绝jue，而er泣qi涕ti流liu涟lian矣yi。夫fu哀ai心xin藏cang于yu苦ku心xin内nei，遇yu和he声sheng而er后hou发fa。和he声sheng无wu象xiang，而er哀ai心xin有you主zhu。夫fu以yi有you主zhu之zhi哀ai心xin，因yin乎hu无wu象xiang之zhi和he声sheng，其qi所suo觉jue悟wu，唯wei哀ai而er已yi。岂qi复fu知zhi『吹chui万wan不bu同tong，而er使shi其qi自zi已yi』哉zai。风feng俗su之zhi流liu，遂sui成cheng其qi政zheng；是shi故gu国guo史shi明ming政zheng教jiao之zhi得de失shi，审shen国guo风feng之zhi盛sheng衰shuai，吟yin咏yong情qing性xing以yi讽feng其qi上shang，故gu曰yue『亡wang国guo之zhi音yin哀ai以yi思si』也ye。夫fu喜xi、怒nu、哀ai、乐le、爱ai、憎zeng、惭can、惧ju，凡fan此ci八ba者zhe，生sheng民min所suo以yi接jie物wu传zhuan情qing，区qu别bie有you属shu，而er不bu可ke溢yi者zhe也ye。夫fu味wei以yi甘gan苦ku为wei称cheng，今jin以yi甲jia贤xian而er心xin爱ai，以yi乙yi愚yu而er情qing憎zeng，则ze爱ai憎zeng宜yi属shu我wo，而er贤xian愚yu宜yi属shu彼bi也ye。可ke以yi我wo爱ai而er谓wei之zhi爱ai人ren，我wo憎zeng而er谓wei之zhi憎zeng人ren，所suo喜xi则ze谓wei之zhi喜xi味wei，所suo怒nu而er谓wei之zhi怒nu味wei哉zai？由you此ci言yan之zhi，则ze外wai内nei殊shu用yong，彼bi我wo异yi名ming。声sheng音yin自zi当dang以yi善shan恶e为wei主zhu，则ze无wu关guan于yu哀ai乐le；哀ai乐le自zi当dang以yi情qing感gan，则ze无wu系xi于yu声sheng音yin。名ming实shi俱ju去qu，则ze尽jin然ran可ke见jian矣yi。且qie季ji子zi在zai鲁lu，采cai《诗shi》观guan礼li，以yi别bie《风feng》、《雅ya》，岂qi徒tu任ren声sheng以yi决jue臧zang否fou哉zai？又you仲zhong尼ni闻wen《韶shao》，叹tan其qi一yi致zhi，是shi以yi咨zi嗟jie，何he必bi因yin声sheng以yi知zhi虞yu舜shun之zhi德de，然ran後hou叹tan美mei邪xie？今jin粗cu明ming其qi一yi端duan，亦yi可ke思si过guo半ban矣yi。」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>秦qin客ke难nan曰yue：「八ba方fang异yi俗su，歌ge哭ku万wan殊shu，然ran其qi哀ai乐le之zhi情qing，不bu得de不bu见jian也ye。夫fu心xin动dong于yu中zhong，而er声sheng出chu于yu心xin。虽sui托tuo之zhi于yu他ta音yin，寄ji之zhi于yu余yu声sheng，善shan听ting察cha者zhe，要yao自zi觉jue之zhi不bu使shi得de过guo也ye。昔xi伯bo牙ya理li琴qin而er锺zhong子zi知zhi其qi所suo志zhi；隶li人ren击ji磬qing而er子zi产chan识shi其qi心xin哀ai；鲁lu人ren晨chen哭ku而er颜yan渊yuan审shen其qi生sheng离li。夫fu数shu子zi者zhe，岂qi复fu假jia智zhi于yu常chang音yin，借jie验yan于yu曲qu度du哉zai？心xin戚qi者zhe则ze形xing为wei之zhi动dong，情qing悲bei者zhe则ze声sheng为wei之zhi哀ai。此ci自zi然ran相xiang应ying，不bu可ke得de逃tao，唯wei神shen明ming者zhe能neng精jing之zhi耳er。夫fu能neng者zhe不bu以yi声sheng众zhong为wei难nan，不bu能neng者zhe不bu以yi声sheng寡gua为wei易yi。今jin不bu可ke以yi未wei遇yu善shan听ting，而er谓wei之zhi声sheng无wu可ke察cha之zhi理li；见jian方fang俗su之zhi多duo变bian，而er谓wei声sheng音yin无wu哀ai乐le也ye。」又you云yun：「贤xian不bu宜yi言yan爱ai，愚yu不bu宜yi言yan憎zeng。然ran则ze有you贤xian然ran后hou爱ai生sheng，有you愚yu然ran后hou憎zeng成cheng，但dan不bu当dang共gong其qi名ming耳er。哀ai乐le之zhi作zuo，亦yi有you由you而er然ran。此ci为wei声sheng使shi我wo哀ai，音yin使shi我wo乐le也ye。苟gou哀ai乐le由you声sheng，更geng为wei有you实shi，何he得de名ming实shi俱ju去qu邪xie？」又you云yun：「季ji子zi采cai《诗shi》观guan礼li，以yi别bie《风feng》、《雅ya》；仲zhong尼ni叹tan《韶shao》音yin之zhi一yi致zhi，是shi以yi咨zi嗟jie。是shi何he言yan欤yu？且qie师shi襄xiang奏zou操cao，而er仲zhong尼ni睹du文wen王wang之zhi容rong；师shi涓juan进jin曲qu，而er子zi野ye识shi亡wang国guo之zhi音yin。宁ning复fu讲jiang诗shi而er后hou下xia言yan，习xi礼li然ran后hou立li评ping哉zai？斯si皆jie神shen妙miao独du见jian，不bu待dai留liu闻wen积ji日ri，而er已yi综zong其qi吉ji凶xiong矣yi；是shi以yi前qian史shi以yi为wei美mei谈tan。今jin子zi以yi区qu区qu之zhi近jin知zhi，齐qi所suo见jian而er为wei限xian，无wu乃nai诬wu前qian贤xian之zhi识shi微wei，负fu夫fu子zi之zhi妙miao察cha邪xie？」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>主zhu人ren答da曰yue：「难nan云yun：虽sui歌ge哭ku万wan殊shu，善shan听ting察cha者zhe要yao自zi觉jue之zhi，不bu假jia智zhi于yu常chang音yin，不bu借jie验yan于yu曲qu度du，锺zhong子zi之zhi徒tu云yun云yun是shi也ye。此ci为wei心xin悲bei者zhe，虽sui谈tan笑xiao鼓gu舞wu，情qing欢huan者zhe，虽sui拊fu膺ying咨zi嗟jie，犹you不bu能neng御yu外wai形xing以yi自zi匿ni，诳kuang察cha者zhe于yu疑yi似si也ye。以yi为wei就jiu令ling声sheng音yin之zhi无wu常chang，犹you谓wei当dang有you哀ai乐le耳er。又you曰yue：「季ji子zi听ting声sheng，以yi知zhi众zhong国guo之zhi风feng；师shi襄xiang奏zou操cao，而er仲zhong尼ni睹du文wen王wang之zhi容rong。案an如ru所suo云yun，此ci为wei文wen王wang之zhi功gong德de，与yu风feng俗su之zhi盛sheng衰shuai，皆jie可ke象xiang之zhi于yu声sheng音yin：声sheng之zhi轻qing重zhong，可ke移yi于yu後hou世shi；襄xiang涓juan之zhi巧qiao，能neng得de之zhi于yu将jiang来lai。若ruo然ran者zhe，三san皇huang五wu帝di，可ke不bu绝jue于yu今jin日ri，何he独du数shu事shi哉zai？若ruo此ci果guo然ran也ye。则ze文wen王wang之zhi操cao有you常chang度du，韶shao武wu之zhi音yin有you定ding数shu，不bu可ke杂za以yi他ta变bian，操cao以yi余yu声sheng也ye。则ze向xiang所suo谓wei声sheng音yin之zhi无wu常chang，锺zhong子zi之zhi触chu类lei，于yu是shi乎hu踬zhi矣yi。若ruo音yin声sheng无wu常chang，锺zhong子zi触chu类lei，其qi果guo然ran邪xie？则ze仲zhong尼ni之zhi识shi微wei，季ji札zha之zhi善shan听ting，固gu亦yi诬wu矣yi。此ci皆jie俗su儒ru妄wang记ji，欲yu神shen其qi事shi而er追zhui为wei耳er，欲yu令ling天tian下xia惑huo声sheng音yin之zhi道dao，不bu言yan理li以yi尽jin此ci，而er推tui使shi神shen妙miao难nan知zhi，恨hen不bu遇yu奇qi听ting于yu当dang时shi，慕mu古gu人ren而er自zi叹tan，斯si所suo□大da罔wang后hou生sheng也ye。夫fu推tui类lei辨bian物wu，当dang先xian求qiu之zhi自zi然ran之zhi理li；理li已yi定ding，然ran后hou借jie古gu义yi以yi明ming之zhi耳er。今jin未wei得de之zhi于yu心xin，而er多duo恃shi前qian言yan以yi为wei谈tan证zheng，自zi此ci以yi往wang，恐kong巧qiao历li不bu能neng纪ji。」「又you难nan云yun：「哀ai乐le之zhi作zuo，犹you爱ai憎zeng之zhi由you贤xian愚yu，此ci为wei声sheng使shi我wo哀ai而er音yin使shi我wo乐le；苟gou哀ai乐le由you声sheng，更geng为wei有you实shi矣yi。夫fu五wu色se有you好hao丑chou丑chou，五wu声sheng有you善shan恶e，此ci物wu之zhi自zi然ran也ye。至zhi于yu爱ai与yu不bu爱ai，喜xi与yu不bu喜xi，人ren情qing之zhi变bian，统tong物wu之zhi理li，唯wei止zhi于yu此ci；然ran皆jie无wu豫yu于yu内nei，待dai物wu而er成cheng耳er。至zhi夫fu哀ai乐le自zi以yi事shi会hui，先xian遘gou于yu心xin，但dan因yin和he声sheng以yi自zi显xian发fa。故gu前qian论lun已yi明ming其qi无wu常chang，今jin复fu假jia此ci谈tan以yi正zheng名ming号hao耳er。不bu为wei哀ai乐le发fa于yu声sheng音yin，如ru爱ai憎zeng之zhi生sheng于yu贤xian愚yu也ye。然ran和he声sheng之zhi感gan人ren心xin，亦yi犹you酒jiu醴li之zhi发fa人ren情qing也ye。酒jiu以yi甘gan苦ku为wei主zhu，而er醉zui者zhe以yi喜xi怒nu为wei用yong。其qi见jian欢huan戚qi为wei声sheng发fa，而er谓wei声sheng有you哀ai乐le，不bu可ke见jian喜xi怒nu为wei酒jiu使shi，而er谓wei酒jiu有you喜xi怒nu之zhi理li也ye。」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>秦qin客ke难nan曰yue：「夫fu观guan气qi采cai色se，天tian下xia之zhi通tong用yong也ye。心xin变bian于yu内nei而er色se应ying于yu外wai，较jiao然ran可ke见jian，故gu吾wu子zi不bu疑yi。夫fu声sheng音yin，气qi之zhi激ji者zhe也ye。心xin应ying感gan而er动dong，声sheng从cong变bian而er发fa。心xin有you盛sheng衰shuai，声sheng亦yi隆long杀sha。同tong见jian役yi于yu一yi身shen，何he独du于yu声sheng便bian当dang疑yi邪xie！夫fu喜xi怒nu章zhang于yu色se诊zhen，哀ai乐le亦yi宜yi形xing于yu声sheng音yin。声sheng音yin自zi当dang有you哀ai乐le，但dan暗an者zhe不bu能neng识shi之zhi。至zhi锺zhong子zi之zhi徒tu，虽sui遭zao无wu常chang之zhi声sheng，则ze颖ying然ran独du见jian矣yi，今jin蒙meng瞽gu面mian墙qiang而er不bu悟wu，离li娄lou昭zhao秋qiu毫hao于yu百bai寻xun，以yi此ci言yan之zhi，则ze明ming暗an殊shu能neng矣yi。不bu可ke守shou咫zhi尺chi之zhi度du，而er疑yi离li娄lou之zhi察cha；执zhi中zhong痛tong之zhi听ting，而er猜cai锺zhong子zi之zhi聪cong；皆jie谓wei古gu人ren为wei妄wang记ji也ye。」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>主zhu人ren答da曰yue：「难nan云yun：心xin应ying感gan而er动dong，声sheng从cong变bian而er发fa，心xin有you盛sheng衰shuai，声sheng亦yi降jiang杀sha，哀ai乐le之zhi情qing，必bi形xing于yu声sheng音yin，锺zhong子zi之zhi徒tu，虽sui遭zao无wu常chang之zhi声sheng，则ze颖ying然ran独du见jian矣yi。必bi若ruo所suo言yan，则ze浊zhuo质zhi之zhi饱bao，首shou阳yang之zhi饥ji，卞bian和he之zhi冤yuan，伯bo奇qi之zhi悲bei，相xiang如ru之zhi含han怒nu，不bu占zhan之zhi怖bu祗zhi，千qian变bian百bai态tai，使shi各ge发fa一yi咏yong之zhi歌ge，同tong启qi数shu弹dan之zhi微wei，则ze锺zhong子zi之zhi徒tu，各ge审shen其qi情qing矣yi。尔er为wei听ting声sheng者zhe不bu以yi寡gua众zhong易yi思si，察cha情qing者zhe不bu以yi大da小xiao为wei异yi，同tong出chu一yi身shen者zhe，期qi于yu识shi之zhi也ye。设she使shi从cong下xia，则ze子zi野ye之zhi徒tu，亦yi当dang复fu操cao律lv鸣ming管guan，以yi考kao其qi音yin，知zhi南nan风feng之zhi盛sheng衰shuai，别bie雅ya、郑zheng之zhi淫yin正zheng也ye？夫fu食shi辛xin之zhi与yu甚shen噱jue，薰xun目mu之zhi与yu哀ai泣qi，同tong用yong出chu泪lei，使shi狄di牙ya尝chang之zhi，必bi不bu言yan乐le泪lei甜tian而er哀ai泪lei苦ku，斯si可ke知zhi矣yi。何he者zhe？肌ji液ye肉rou汗han，??笮ze便bian出chu，无wu主zhu于yu哀ai乐le，犹you??酒jiu之zhi囊nang漉lu，虽sui笮ze具ju不bu同tong，而er酒jiu味wei不bu变bian也ye。声sheng俱ju一yi体ti之zhi所suo出chu，何he独du当dang含han哀ai乐le之zhi理li也ye？且qie夫fu《咸xian池chi》、《六liu茎jing》，《大da章zhang》、《韶shao夏xia》，此ci先xian王wang之zhi至zhi乐le，所suo以yi动dong天tian地di、感gan鬼gui神shen。今jin必bi云yun声sheng音yin莫mo不bu象xiang其qi体ti而er传zhuan其qi心xin，此ci必bi为wei至zhi乐le不bu可ke托tuo之zhi于yu瞽gu史shi，必bi须xu圣sheng人ren理li其qi弦xian管guan，尔er乃nai雅ya音yin得de全quan也ye。舜shun命ming夔kui「击ji石shi拊fu石shi，八ba音yin克ke谐xie，神shen人ren以yi和he。」以yi此ci言yan之zhi，至zhi乐le虽sui待dai圣sheng人ren而er作zuo，不bu必bi圣sheng人ren自zi执zhi也ye。何he者zhe？音yin声sheng有you自zi然ran之zhi和he，而er无wu系xi于yu人ren情qing。克ke谐xie之zhi音yin，成cheng于yu金jin石shi；至zhi和he之zhi声sheng，得de于yu管guan弦xian也ye。夫fu纤xian毫hao自zi有you形xing可ke察cha，故gu离li瞽gu以yi明ming暗an异yi功gong耳er。若ruo乃nai以yi水shui济ji水shui，孰shu异yi之zhi哉zai？」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>秦qin客ke难nan曰yue：「虽sui众zhong喻yu有you隐yin，足zu招zhao攻gong难nan，然ran其qi大da理li，当dang有you所suo就jiu。若ruo葛ge卢lu闻wen牛niu鸣ming，知zhi其qi三san子zi为wei牺xi；师shi旷kuang吹chui律lv，知zhi南nan风feng不bu竞jing，楚chu师shi必bi败bai；羊yang舌she母mu听ting闻wen儿er啼ti，而er审shen其qi丧sang家jia。凡fan此ci数shu事shi，皆jie效xiao于yu上shang世shi，是shi以yi咸xian见jian录lu载zai。推tui此ci而er言yan，则ze盛sheng衰shuai吉ji凶xiong，莫mo不bu存cun乎hu声sheng音yin矣yi。今jin若ruo复fu谓wei之zhi诬wu罔wang，则ze前qian言yan往wang记ji，皆jie为wei弃qi物wu，无wu用yong之zhi也ye。以yi言yan通tong论lun，未wei之zhi或huo安an。若ruo能neng明ming斯si所suo以yi，显xian其qi所suo由you，设she二er论lun俱ju济ji，愿yuan重zhong闻wen之zhi。」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>主zhu人ren答da曰yue：「吾wu谓wei能neng反fan三san隅yu者zhe，得de意yi而er忘wang言yan，是shi以yi前qian论lun略lue而er未wei详xiang。今jin复fu烦fan循xun环huan之zhi难nan，敢gan不bu自zi一yi竭jie邪xie？夫fu鲁lu牛niu能neng知zhi牺xi历li之zhi丧sang生sheng，哀ai三san子zi之zhi不bu存cun，含han悲bei经jing年nian，诉su怨yuan葛ge卢lu；此ci为wei心xin与yu人ren同tong，异yi于yu兽shou形xing耳er。此ci又you吾wu之zhi所suo疑yi也ye。且qie牛niu非fei人ren类lei，无wu道dao相xiang通tong，若ruo谓wei鸣ming兽shou皆jie能neng有you言yan，葛ge卢lu受shou性xing独du晓xiao之zhi，此ci为wei称cheng其qi语yu而er论lun其qi事shi，犹you译yi传zhuan异yi言yan耳er，不bu为wei考kao声sheng音yin而er知zhi其qi情qing，则ze非fei所suo以yi为wei难nan也ye。若ruo谓wei知zhi者zhe为wei当dang触chu物wu而er达da，无wu所suo不bu知zhi，今jin且qie先xian议yi其qi所suo易yi者zhe。请qing问wen：圣sheng人ren卒zu人ren胡hu域yu，当dang知zhi其qi所suo言yan否fou乎hu？难nan者zhe必bi曰yue知zhi之zhi。知zhi之zhi之zhi理li何he以yi明ming之zhi？愿yuan借jie子zi之zhi难nan以yi立li鉴jian识shi之zhi域yu。或huo当dang与yu关guan接jie识shi其qi言yan邪xie？将jiang吹chui律lv鸣ming管guan校xiao其qi音yin邪xie？观guan气qi采cai色se和he其qi心xin邪xie？此ci为wei知zhi心xin自zi由you气qi色se，虽sui自zi不bu言yan，犹you将jiang知zhi之zhi，知zhi之zhi之zhi道dao，可ke不bu待dai言yan也ye。若ruo吹chui律lv校xiao音yin以yi知zhi其qi心xin，假jia令ling心xin志zhi于yu马ma而er误wu言yan鹿lu，察cha者zhe固gu当dang由you鹿lu以yi知zhi马ma也ye。此ci为wei心xin不bu系xi于yu所suo言yan，言yan或huo不bu足zu以yi证zheng心xin也ye。若ruo当dang关guan接jie而er知zhi言yan，此ci为wei孺ru子zi学xue言yan于yu所suo师shi，然ran后hou知zhi之zhi，则ze何he贵gui于yu聪cong明ming哉zai？夫fu言yan，非fei自zi然ran一yi定ding之zhi物wu，五wu方fang殊shu俗su，同tong事shi异yi号hao，举ju一yi名ming以yi为wei标biao识shi耳er。夫fu圣sheng人ren穷qiong理li，谓wei自zi然ran可ke寻xun，无wu微wei不bu照zhao。苟gou无wu微wei不bu照zhao，理li蔽bi则ze虽sui近jin不bu见jian，故gu异yi域yu之zhi言yan不bu得de强qiang通tong。推tui此ci以yi往wang，葛ge卢lu之zhi不bu知zhi牛niu鸣ming，得de不bu全quan乎hu？」又you难nan云yun：「师shi旷kuang吹chui律lv，知zhi南nan风feng不bu竞jing，楚chu多duo死si声sheng。此ci又you吾wu之zhi所suo疑yi也ye。请qing问wen师shi旷kuang吹chui律lv之zhi时shi，楚chu国guo之zhi风feng邪xie，则ze相xiang去qu千qian里li，声sheng不bu足zu达da；若ruo正zheng识shi楚chu风feng来lai入ru律lv中zhong邪xie，则ze楚chu南nan有you吴wu、越yue，北bei有you梁liang、宋song，苟gou不bu见jian其qi原yuan，奚xi以yi识shi之zhi哉zai？凡fan阴yin阳yang愤fen激ji，然ran后hou成cheng风feng。气qi之zhi相xiang感gan，触chu地di而er发fa，何he得de发fa楚chu庭ting，来lai入ru晋jin乎hu？且qie又you律lv吕lv分fen四si时shi之zhi气qi耳er，时shi至zhi而er气qi动dong，律lv应ying而er灰hui移yi，皆jie自zi然ran相xiang待dai，不bu假jia人ren以yi为wei用yong也ye。上shang生sheng下xia生sheng，所suo以yi均jun五wu声sheng之zhi和he，叙xu刚gang柔rou之zhi分fen也ye。然ran律lv有you一yi定ding之zhi声sheng，虽sui冬dong吹chui中zhong吕lv，其qi音yin自zi满man而er无wu损sun也ye。今jin以yi晋jin人ren之zhi气qi，吹chui无wu韵yun之zhi律lv，楚chu风feng安an得de来lai入ru其qi中zhong，与yu为wei盈ying缩suo邪xie？风feng无wu形xing，声sheng与yu律lv不bu通tong，则ze校xiao理li之zhi地di，无wu取qu于yu风feng律lv，不bu其qi然ran乎hu？岂qi独du师shi旷kuang多duo识shi博bo物wu，自zi有you以yi知zhi胜sheng败bai之zhi形xing，欲yu固gu众zhong心xin而er托tuo以yi神shen微wei，若ruo伯bo常chang骞qian之zhi许xu景jing公gong寿shou哉zai？」又you难nan云yun：「羊yang舌she母mu听ting闻wen儿er啼ti而er审shen其qi丧sang家jia。复fu请qing问wen何he由you知zhi之zhi？为wei神shen心xin独du悟wu暗an语yu而er当dang邪xie？尝chang闻wen儿er啼ti若ruo此ci其qi大da而er恶e，今jin之zhi啼ti声sheng似si昔xi之zhi啼ti声sheng，故gu知zhi其qi丧sang家jia邪xie？若ruo神shen心xin独du悟wu暗an语yu之zhi当dang，非fei理li之zhi所suo得de也ye。虽sui曰yue听ting啼ti，无wu取qu验yan于yu儿er声sheng矣yi。若ruo以yi尝chang闻wen之zhi声sheng为wei恶e，故gu知zhi今jin啼ti当dang恶e，此ci为wei以yi甲jia声sheng为wei度du，以yi校xiao乙yi之zhi啼ti也ye。夫fu声sheng之zhi于yu音yin，犹you形xing之zhi于yu心xin也ye。有you形xing同tong而er情qing乖guai，貌mao殊shu而er心xin均jun者zhe。何he以yi明ming之zhi？圣sheng人ren齐qi心xin等deng德de而er形xing状zhuang不bu同tong也ye。苟gou心xin同tong而er形xing异yi，则ze何he言yan乎hu观guan形xing而er知zhi心xin哉zai？且qie口kou之zhi激ji气qi为wei声sheng，何he异yi于yu籁lai??纳na气qi而er鸣ming邪xie？啼ti声sheng之zhi善shan恶e，不bu由you儿er口kou吉ji凶xiong，犹you琴qin瑟se之zhi清qing浊zhuo不bu在zai操cao者zhe之zhi工gong拙zhuo也ye。心xin能neng辨bian理li善shan谈tan，而er不bu能neng令ling内nei??调diao利li，犹you瞽gu者zhe能neng善shan其qi曲qu度du，而er不bu能neng令ling器qi必bi清qing和he也ye。器qi不bu假jia妙miao瞽gu而er良liang，??不bu因yin惠hui心xin而er调diao，然ran则ze心xin之zhi与yu声sheng，明ming为wei二er物wu。二er物wu之zhi诚cheng然ran，则ze求qiu情qing者zhe不bu留liu观guan于yu形xing貌mao，揆kui心xin者zhe不bu借jie听ting于yu声sheng音yin也ye。察cha者zhe欲yu因yin声sheng以yi知zhi心xin，不bu亦yi外wai乎hu？今jin晋jin母mu未wei待dai之zhi于yu老lao成cheng，而er专zhuan信xin昨zuo日ri之zhi声sheng，以yi证zheng今jin日ri之zhi啼ti，岂qi不bu误wu中zhong于yu前qian世shi好hao奇qi者zhe从cong而er称cheng之zhi哉zai？」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>秦qin客ke难nan曰yue：「吾wu闻wen败bai者zhe不bu羞xiu走zou，所suo以yi全quan也ye。吾wu心xin未wei厌yan而er言yan，难nan复fu更geng从cong其qi馀yu。今jin平ping和he之zhi人ren，听ting筝zheng笛di琵pi琶pa，则ze形xing躁zao而er志zhi越yue；闻wen琴qin瑟se之zhi音yin，则ze听ting静jing而er心xin闲xian。同tong一yi器qi之zhi中zhong，曲qu用yong每mei殊shu，则ze情qing随sui之zhi变bian：奏zou秦qin声sheng则ze叹tan羡xian而er慷kang慨kai；理li齐qi楚chu则ze情qing一yi而er思si专zhuan，肆si姣jiao弄nong则ze欢huan放fang而er欲yu惬qie；心xin为wei声sheng变bian，若ruo此ci其qi众zhong。苟gou躁zao静jing由you声sheng，则ze何he为wei限xian其qi哀ai乐le，而er但dan云yun至zhi和he之zhi声sheng，无wu所suo不bu感gan，托tuo大da同tong于yu声sheng音yin，归gui众zhong变bian于yu人ren情qing？得de无wu知zhi彼bi不bu明ming此ci哉zai？」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>主zhu人ren答da曰yue：「难nan云yun：琵pi琶pa、筝zheng、笛di令ling人ren躁zao越yue。又you云yun：曲qu用yong每mei殊shu而er情qing随sui之zhi变bian。此ci诚cheng所suo以yi使shi人ren常chang感gan也ye。琵pi琶pa、筝zheng、笛di，间jian促cu而er声sheng高gao，变bian众zhong而er节jie数shu，以yi高gao声sheng御yu数shu节jie，故gu使shi人ren形xing躁zao而er志zhi越yue。犹you铃ling铎duo警jing耳er，锺zhong鼓gu骇hai心xin，故gu『闻wen鼓gu鼙pi之zhi音yin，思si将jiang帅shuai之zhi臣chen』，盖gai以yi声sheng音yin有you大da小xiao，故gu动dong人ren有you猛meng静jing也ye。琴qin瑟se之zhi体ti，间jian辽liao而er音yin埤pi，变bian希xi而er声sheng清qing，以yi埤pi音yin御yu希xi变bian，不bu虚xu心xin静jing听ting，则ze不bu尽jin清qing和he之zhi极ji，是shi以yi听ting静jing而er心xin闲xian也ye。夫fu曲qu用yong不bu同tong，亦yi犹you殊shu器qi之zhi音yin耳er。齐qi楚chu之zhi曲qu，多duo重zhong故gu情qing一yi，变bian妙miao故gu思si专zhuan。姣jiao弄nong之zhi音yin，挹yi众zhong声sheng之zhi美mei，会hui五wu音yin之zhi和he，其qi体ti赡shan而er用yong博bo，故gu心xin侈chi于yu众zhong理li；五wu音yin会hui，故gu欢huan放fang而er欲yu惬qie。然ran皆jie以yi单dan、复fu、高gao、埤pi、善shan、恶e为wei体ti，而er人ren情qing以yi躁zao、静jing而er容rong端duan，此ci为wei声sheng音yin之zhi体ti，尽jin于yu舒shu疾ji。情qing之zhi应ying声sheng，亦yi止zhi于yu躁zao静jing耳er。夫fu曲qu用yong每mei殊shu，而er情qing之zhi处chu变bian，犹you滋zi味wei异yi美mei，而er口kou辄zhe识shi之zhi也ye。五wu味wei万wan殊shu，而er大da同tong于yu美mei；曲qu变bian虽sui众zhong，亦yi大da同tong于yu和he。美mei有you甘gan，和he有you乐le。然ran随sui曲qu之zhi情qing，尽jin于yu和he域yu；应ying美mei之zhi口kou，绝jue于yu甘gan境jing，安an得de哀ai乐le于yu其qi间jian哉zai？然ran人ren情qing不bu同tong，各ge师shi所suo解jie。则ze发fa其qi所suo怀huai；若ruo言yan平ping和he，哀ai乐le正zheng等deng，则ze无wu所suo先xian发fa，故gu终zhong得de躁zao静jing。若ruo有you所suo发fa，则ze是shi有you主zhu于yu内nei，不bu为wei平ping和he也ye。以yi此ci言yan之zhi，躁zao静jing者zhe，声sheng之zhi功gong也ye；哀ai乐le者zhe，情qing之zhi主zhu也ye。不bu可ke见jian声sheng有you躁zao静jing之zhi应ying，因yin谓wei哀ai乐le者zhe皆jie由you声sheng音yin也ye。且qie声sheng音yin虽sui有you猛meng静jing，猛meng静jing各ge有you一yi和he，和he之zhi所suo感gan，莫mo不bu自zi发fa。何he以yi明ming之zhi？夫fu会hui宾bin盈ying堂tang，酒jiu酣han奏zou琴qin，或huo忻xin然ran而er欢huan，或huo惨can尔er泣qi，非fei进jin哀ai于yu彼bi，导dao乐le于yu此ci也ye。其qi音yin无wu变bian于yu昔xi，而er欢huan戚qi并bing用yong，斯si非fei『吹chui万wan不bu同tong』邪xie？夫fu唯wei无wu主zhu于yu喜xi怒nu，亦yi应ying无wu主zhu于yu哀ai乐le，故gu欢huan戚qi俱ju见jian。若ruo资zi偏pian固gu之zhi音yin，含han一yi致zhi之zhi声sheng，其qi所suo发fa明ming，各ge当dang其qi分fen，则ze焉yan能neng兼jian御yu群qun理li，总zong发fa众zhong情qing邪xie？由you是shi言yan之zhi，声sheng音yin以yi平ping和he为wei体ti，而er感gan物wu无wu常chang；心xin志zhi以yi所suo俟si为wei主zhu，应ying感gan而er发fa。然ran则ze声sheng之zhi与yu心xin，殊shu涂tu异yi轨gui，不bu相xiang经jing纬wei，焉yan得de染ran太tai和he于yu欢huan戚qi，缀zhui虚xu名ming于yu哀ai乐le哉zai？秦qin客ke难nan曰yue：「论lun云yun：猛meng静jing之zhi音yin，各ge有you一yi和he，和he之zhi所suo感gan，莫mo不bu自zi发fa，是shi以yi酒jiu酣han奏zou琴qin而er欢huan戚qi并bing用yong。此ci言yan偏pian并bing之zhi情qing先xian积ji于yu内nei，故gu怀huai欢huan者zhe值zhi哀ai音yin而er发fa，内nei戚qi者zhe遇yu乐le声sheng而er感gan也ye。夫fu音yin声sheng自zi当dang有you一yi定ding之zhi哀ai乐le，但dan声sheng化hua迟chi缓huan不bu可ke仓cang卒zu，不bu能neng对dui易yi。偏pian重zhong之zhi情qing，触chu物wu而er作zuo，故gu今jin哀ai乐le同tong时shi而er应ying耳er；虽sui二er情qing俱ju见jian，则ze何he损sun于yu声sheng音yin有you定ding理li邪xie？主zhu人ren答da曰yue：「难nan云yun：哀ai乐le自zi有you定ding声sheng，但dan偏pian重zhong之zhi情qing，不bu可ke卒zu移yi。故gu怀huai戚qi者zhe遇yu乐le声sheng而er哀ai耳er。即ji如ru所suo言yan，声sheng有you定ding分fen，假jia使shi《鹿lu鸣ming》重zhong奏zou，是shi乐le声sheng也ye。而er令ling戚qi者zhe遇yu之zhi，虽sui声sheng化hua迟chi缓huan，但dan当dang不bu能neng使shi变bian令ling欢huan耳er，何he得de更geng以yi哀ai邪xie？犹you一yi爝jue之zhi火huo，虽sui未wei能neng温wen一yi室shi，不bu宜yi复fu增zeng其qi寒han矣yi。夫fu火huo非fei隆long寒han之zhi物wu，乐le非fei增zeng哀ai之zhi具ju也ye。理li弦xian高gao堂tang而er欢huan戚qi并bing用yong者zhe，直zhi至zhi和he之zhi发fa滞zhi导dao情qing，故gu令ling外wai物wu所suo感gan得de自zi尽jin耳er。难nan云yun：偏pian重zhong之zhi情qing，触chu物wu而er作zuo，故gu令ling哀ai乐le同tong时shi而er应ying耳er。夫fu言yan哀ai者zhe，或huo见jian机ji杖zhang而er泣qi，或huo睹du舆yu服fu而er悲bei，徒tu以yi感gan人ren亡wang而er物wu存cun，痛tong事shi显xian而er形xing潜qian，其qi所suo以yi会hui之zhi，皆jie自zi有you由you，不bu为wei触chu地di而er生sheng哀ai，当dang席xi而er泪lei出chu也ye。今jin见jian机ji杖zhang以yi致zhi感gan，听ting和he声sheng而er流liu涕ti者zhe，斯si非fei和he之zhi所suo感gan，莫mo不bu自zi发fa也ye。」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>秦qin客ke难nan曰yue：「论lun云yun：酒jiu酣han奏zou琴qin而er欢huan戚qi并bing用yong。欲yu通tong此ci言yan，故gu答da以yi偏pian情qing感gan物wu而er发fa耳er。今jin且qie隐yin心xin而er言yan，明ming之zhi以yi成cheng效xiao。夫fu人ren心xin不bu欢huan则ze戚qi，不bu戚qi则ze欢huan，此ci情qing志zhi之zhi大da域yu也ye。然ran泣qi是shi戚qi之zhi伤shang，笑xiao是shi欢huan之zhi用yong。盖gai闻wen齐qi、楚chu之zhi曲qu者zhe，唯wei睹du其qi哀ai涕ti之zhi容rong，而er未wei曾zeng见jian笑xiao噱jue之zhi貌mao。此ci必bi齐qi、楚chu之zhi曲qu，以yi哀ai为wei体ti，故gu其qi所suo感gan，皆jie应ying其qi度du量liang；岂qi徒tu以yi多duo重zhong而er少shao变bian，则ze致zhi情qing一yi而er思si专zhuan邪xie？若ruo诚cheng能neng致zhi泣qi，则ze声sheng音yin之zhi有you哀ai乐le，断duan可ke知zhi矣yi。」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>主zhu人ren答da曰yue：「虽sui人ren情qing感gan于yu哀ai乐le，哀ai乐le各ge有you多duo少shao。又you哀ai乐le之zhi极ji，不bu必bi同tong致zhi也ye。夫fu小xiao哀ai容rong坏huai，甚shen悲bei而er泣qi，哀ai之zhi方fang也ye；小xiao欢huan颜yan悦yue，至zhi乐le心xin喻yu，乐le之zhi理li也ye。何he以yi明ming之zhi？夫fu至zhi亲qin安an豫yu，则ze恬tian若ruo自zi然ran，所suo自zi得de也ye。及ji在zai危wei急ji，仅jin然ran后hou济ji，则ze??不bu及ji亻ren舞wu。由you此ci言yan之zhi，亻ren舞wu之zhi不bu若ruo向xiang之zhi自zi得de，岂qi不bu然ran哉zai？，至zhi夫fu笑xiao噱jue虽sui出chu于yu欢huan情qing，然ran自zi以yi理li成cheng又you非fei自zi然ran应ying声sheng之zhi具ju也ye。此ci为wei乐le之zhi应ying声sheng，以yi自zi得de为wei主zhu；哀ai之zhi应ying感gan，以yi垂chui涕ti为wei故gu。垂chui涕ti则ze形xing动dong而er可ke觉jue，自zi得de则ze神shen合he而er无wu忧you，是shi以yi观guan其qi异yi而er不bu识shi其qi同tong，别bie其qi外wai而er未wei察cha其qi内nei耳er。然ran笑xiao噱jue之zhi不bu显xian于yu声sheng音yin，岂qi独du齐qi楚chu之zhi曲qu邪xie？今jin不bu求qiu乐le于yu自zi得de之zhi域yu，而er以yi无wu笑xiao噱jue谓wei齐qi、楚chu体ti哀ai，岂qi不bu知zhi哀ai而er不bu识shi乐le乎hu？」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>秦qin客ke问wen曰yue：「仲zhong尼ni有you言yan：『移yi风feng易yi俗su，莫mo善shan于yu乐le。』即ji如ru所suo论lun，凡fan百bai哀ai乐le，皆jie不bu在zai声sheng，即ji移yi风feng易yi俗su，果guo以yi何he物wu邪xie？又you古gu人ren慎shen靡mi靡mi之zhi风feng，抑yi忄xin舀yao耳er之zhi声sheng，故gu曰yue：『放fang郑zheng声sheng，远yuan佞ning人ren。』然ran则ze郑zheng卫wei之zhi音yin击ji鸣ming球qiu以yi协xie神shen人ren，敢gan问wen郑zheng雅ya之zhi体ti，隆long弊bi所suo极ji；风feng俗su称cheng易yi，奚xi由you而er济ji？幸xing重zhong闻wen之zhi，以yi悟wu所suo疑yi。」<<ppaabbss__vviissiibbiilliittyy==""ttrruuee"">>主zhu人ren应ying之zhi曰yue：「夫fu言yan移yi风feng易yi俗su者zhe，必bi承cheng衰shuai弊bi之zhi後hou也ye。古gu之zhi王wang者zhe，承cheng天tian理li物wu，必bi崇chong简jian易yi之zhi教jiao，御yu无wu为wei之zhi治zhi，君jun静jing于yu上shang，臣chen顺shun于yu下xia，玄xuan化hua潜qian通tong，天tian人ren交jiao泰tai，枯ku槁gao之zhi类lei，浸jin育yu灵ling液ye，六liu合he之zhi内nei，沐mu浴yu鸿hong流liu，荡dang涤di尘chen垢gou，群qun生sheng安an逸yi，自zi求qiu多duo福fu，默mo然ran从cong道dao，怀huai忠zhong抱bao义yi，而er不bu觉jue其qi所suo以yi然ran也ye。和he心xin足zu于yu内nei，和he气qi见jian于yu外wai，故gu歌ge以yi叙xu志zhi，亻ren舞wu以yi宣xuan情qing。然ran后hou文wen之zhi以yi采cai章zhang，照zhao之zhi以yi风feng雅ya，播bo之zhi以yi八ba音yin，感gan之zhi以yi太tai和he，导dao其qi神shen气qi，养yang而er就jiu之zhi。迎ying其qi情qing性xing，致zhi而er明ming之zhi，使shi心xin与yu理li相xiang顺shun，气qi与yu声sheng相xiang应ying，合he乎hu会hui通tong，以yi济ji其qi美mei。故gu凯kai乐le之zhi情qing，见jian于yu金jin石shi，含han弘hong光guang大da，显xian于yu音yin声sheng也ye。若ruo以yi往wang则ze万wan国guo同tong风feng，芳fang荣rong济ji茂mao，馥fu如ru秋qiu兰lan，不bu期qi而er信xin，不bu谋mou而er诚cheng，穆mu然ran相xiang爱ai，犹you舒shu锦jin彩cai，而er粲can炳bing可ke观guan也ye。大da道dao之zhi隆long，莫mo盛sheng于yu兹zi，太tai平ping之zhi业ye，莫mo显xian于yu此ci。故gu曰yue「『移yi风feng易yi俗su，莫mo善shan于yu乐le。』乐le之zhi为wei体ti，以yi心xin为wei主zhu。故gu无wu声sheng之zhi乐le，民min之zhi父fu母mu也ye。至zhi八ba音yin会hui谐xie，人ren之zhi所suo悦yue，亦yi总zong谓wei之zhi乐le，然ran风feng俗su移yi易yi，不bu在zai此ci也ye。夫fu音yin声sheng和he比bi，人ren情qing所suo不bu能neng已yi者zhe也ye。是shi以yi古gu人ren知zhi情qing之zhi不bu可ke放fang，故gu抑yi其qi所suo遁dun；知zhi欲yu之zhi不bu可ke绝jue，故gu因yin其qi所suo自zi。为wei可ke奉feng之zhi礼li，制zhi可ke导dao之zhi乐le。口kou不bu尽jin味wei，乐le不bu极ji音yin。揆kui终zhong始shi之zhi宜yi，度du贤xian愚yu之zhi中zhong。为wei之zhi检jian则ze，使shi远yuan近jin同tong风feng，用yong而er不bu竭jie，亦yi所suo以yi结jie忠zhong信xin，著zhu不bu迁qian也ye。故gu乡xiang校xiao庠xiang塾shu亦yi随sui之zhi变bian，丝si竹zhu与yu俎zu豆dou并bing存cun，羽yu毛mao与yu揖yi让rang俱ju用yong，正zheng言yan与yu和he声sheng同tong发fa。使shi将jiang听ting是shi声sheng也ye，必bi闻wen此ci言yan；将jiang观guan是shi容rong也ye，必bi崇chong此ci礼li。礼li犹you宾bin主zhu升sheng降jiang，然ran后hou酬chou酢cu行xing焉yan。于yu是shi言yan语yu之zhi节jie，声sheng音yin之zhi度du，揖yi让rang之zhi仪yi，动dong止zhi之zhi数shu，进jin退tui相xiang须xu，共gong为wei一yi体ti。君jun臣chen用yong之zhi于yu朝chao，庶shu士shi用yong之zhi于yu家jia，少shao而er习xi之zhi，长chang而er不bu怠dai，心xin安an志zhi固gu，从cong善shan日ri迁qian，然ran后hou临lin之zhi以yi敬jing，持chi之zhi以yi久jiu而er不bu变bian，然ran后hou化hua成cheng，此ci又you先xian王wang用yong乐le之zhi意yi也ye。故gu朝chao宴yan聘pin享xiang，嘉jia乐le必bi存cun。是shi以yi国guo史shi采cai风feng俗su之zhi盛sheng衰shuai，寄ji之zhi乐le工gong，宣xuan之zhi管guan弦xian，使shi言yan之zhi者zhe无wu罪zui，闻wen之zhi者zhe足zu以yi自zi诫jie。此ci又you先xian王wang用yong乐le之zhi意yi也ye。若ruo夫fu郑zheng声sheng，是shi音yin声sheng之zhi至zhi妙miao。妙miao音yin感gan人ren，犹you美mei色se惑huo志zhi。耽dan??荒huang酒jiu，易yi以yi丧sang业ye，自zi非fei至zhi人ren，孰shu能neng御yu之zhi？先xian王wang恐kong天tian下xia流liu而er不bu反fan，故gu具ju其qi八ba音yin，不bu渎du其qi声sheng；绝jue其qi大da和he，不bu穷qiong其qi变bian；捐juan窈yao窕tiao之zhi声sheng，使shi乐le而er不bu淫yin，犹you大da羹geng不bu和he，不bu极ji勺shao药yao之zhi味wei也ye。若ruo流liu俗su浅qian近jin，则ze声sheng不bu足zu悦yue，又you非fei所suo欢huan也ye。若ruo上shang失shi其qi道dao，国guo丧sang其qi纪ji，男nan女nv奔ben随sui，淫yin荒huang无wu度du，则ze风feng以yi此ci变bian，俗su以yi好hao成cheng。尚shang其qi所suo志zhi，则ze群qun能neng肆si之zhi，乐le其qi所suo习xi，则ze何he以yi诛zhu之zhi？托tuo于yu和he声sheng，配pei而er长chang之zhi，诚cheng动dong于yu言yan，心xin感gan于yu和he，风feng俗su一yi成cheng，因yin而er名ming之zhi。然ran所suo名ming之zhi声sheng，无wu中zhong于yu淫yin邪xie也ye。淫yin之zhi与yu正zheng同tong乎hu心xin，雅ya、郑zheng之zhi体ti，亦yi足zu以yi观guan矣yi。」

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