pagan
英['peɪg(ə)n]
美['pegən]
- adj. 异教的；异教徒的
- n. 异教徒；无宗教信仰者
- n. (Pagan)人名；(?-1880)蒲甘(缅甸国王)
词态变化
复数: pagans;
助记提示
1、pag- + -an.
2、该词的宗教含义的来源有两种说法；其一是：在罗马的城镇和城市普遍基督教化、改信基督教后，那些保守的乡下人、农村人依然信奉、忠诚于以前的神、古老的神，这些人相对而言自然就成了异教徒；其二是：该词在经典拉丁语中表示“村民，非战斗人员”之意（来源：from Late Latin paganus "pagan," in classical Latin "villager, rustic; civilian, non-combatant" noun use of adjective meaning "of the country, of a village," from pagus "country people; province, rural district," originally "district limited by markers," thus related to pangere "fix, fasten"），后来被基督教徒引申为“非基督教的守护者”，自然也就成了异教徒，指称异教徒了。
3. 谐音“培根”---- 培根是异教徒。
中文词源
pagan 教外之人，异教徒
来自拉丁语pagus,乡村，村民，来自PIE*pag,固定，标记，词源同page,pact.后词义由村民引申为粗俗的，不信教的，不信基督的，异教徒。词义演变比较villain,village.
英文词源
- pagan
- pagan: [14] The history of pagan is a bizarre series of semantic twists and turns that takes it back ultimately to Latin pāgus (source also of English peasant). This originally meant ‘something stuck in the ground as a landmark’ (it came from a base *pāg- ‘fix’ which also produced English page, pale ‘stake’, and pole ‘stick’ and is closely related to pact and peace).
It was extended metaphorically to ‘country area, village’, and the noun pāgānus was derived from it, denoting ‘country-dweller’. But then this in its turn began to shift semantically, first to ‘civilian’ and then (based on the early Christian notion that all members of the church were ‘soldiers’ of Christ) to ‘heathen’ – whence English pagan.
=> pact, page, pale, peace, peasant, pole - pagan (n.)
- late 14c., from Late Latin paganus "pagan," in classical Latin "villager, rustic; civilian, non-combatant" noun use of adjective meaning "of the country, of a village," from pagus "country people; province, rural district," originally "district limited by markers," thus related to pangere "to fix, fasten," from PIE root *pag- "to fix" (see pact). As an adjective from early 15c.
Religious sense is often said to derive from conservative rural adherence to the old gods after the Christianization of Roman towns and cities; but the word in this sense predates that period in Church history, and it is more likely derived from the use of paganus in Roman military jargon for "civilian, incompetent soldier," which Christians (Tertullian, c.202; Augustine) picked up with the military imagery of the early Church (such as milites "soldier of Christ," etc.). Applied to modern pantheists and nature-worshippers from 1908.Pagan and heathen are primarily the same in meaning; but pagan is sometimes distinctively applied to those nations that, although worshiping false gods, are more cultivated, as the Greeks and Romans, and heathen to uncivilized idolaters, as the tribes of Africa. A Mohammedan is not counted a pagan much less a heathen. [Century Dictionary, 1902]
The English surname Paine, Payne, etc., appears by old records to be from Latin paganus, but whether in the sense "villager," "rustic," or "heathen" is disputed. It also was a common Christian name in 13c., "and was, no doubt, given without any thought of its meaning" ["Dictionary of English Surnames"].
双语例句
- 1. The word Easter derives from Eostre, the pagan goddess of spring.
- Easter（复活节）一词由Eostre（多神教的春天女神）衍生而来。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. The singing of Christmas carols is a custom derived from early dance routines of pagan origin.
- 唱圣诞颂歌的风俗源自异教徒早期的舞蹈仪式。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. That pagan did not believe in Christ.
- 那个异教徒从不相信基督。
来自辞典例句
- 4. The new religion was eager to convert the pagan world.
- 那种新宗教急于使异教徒皈依本教。
来自辞典例句
- 5. That is really pagan fatalism.
- 这是名符其实的异教宿命论.
来自辞典例句