half

英[hɑːf] 美[hæf]

反义词whole

复数: halves;

half 半，一半

可能来自PIE*skel,砍，劈，词源同scale,clone,cleave.即一劈两半，并不一定要求等分。

half: half: [OE] Half comes from prehistoric Germanic *khalbaz, which also produced German halb, Dutch half, and Swedish and Danish halv. If, as some have suggested, it is connected with Latin scalpere ‘cut’ (source of English scalpel and sculpture) and Greek skóloph ‘spike’, its underlying meaning would be ‘cut, divided’.
half: Old English half, halb (Mercian), healf (W. Saxon) "side, part," not necessarily of equal division (original sense preserved in behalf), from Proto-Germanic *halbaz "something divided" (cognates: Old Saxon halba, Old Norse halfr, Old Frisian, Middle Dutch half, German halb, Gothic halbs "half"), perhaps from PIE (s)kel- (1) "to cut" (see shell (n.)). Noun, adjective, and adverb all were in Old English.

Used also in Old English phrases, as in modern German, to mean "one half unit less than," for example þridda healf "two and a half," literally "half third." The construction in two and a half, etc., is first recorded c. 1200. Of time, in half past ten, etc., first attested 1750; in Scottish, the half often is prefixed to the following hour (as in German, halb elf = "ten thirty"). To go off half-cocked in the figurative sense "speak or act too hastily" (1833) is in allusion to firearms going off prematurely; half-cocked in a literal sense "with the cock lifted to the first catch, at which position the trigger does not act" is recorded by 1750. In 1770 it was noted as a synonym for "drunk."

1. Elliott crossed the finish line just half a second behind his adversary.: 埃利奥特跨过终点线时仅比对手落后半秒钟。

2. She'd half expected him to withdraw from the course.: 她多少已经预料到他会中途就退出这门课程。

3. The French, who led 21-3 at half time, scored eight tries.: 上半场以21：3领先的法国队有8个达阵得分。

5. From what I hear, half the campus is lusting after her.: 从我听到的来看，半个学校的人都想和她上床。